While the western Allies released their final World War II prisoners in 1948, many German POWs in the U.S.S.R. were kept under lock and key for several more years. Most were used as slave labor in copper or coal mines, and anywhere between 400,000 and one million eventually died while in Russian custody.

Some 20,000 former soldiers were still in Soviet hands at the time of Stalin's death in 1953, and the last 10,000 didn't get their freedom until 1955 and 1956—a full decade after the war had ended.